Not unless he or she is authorized by the FAA to do so.  Doctors who can issue FAA Medicals are called Aviation Medical Examiners (AMEs) and have received special FAA training on the medical requirements for pilots, how to interpret the regulations, how to complete the proper paperwork, etc.  There are about 5000 AMEs in the U.S.  Check with your doctor to see if he or she is an AME.